---
author: Ray Kurzweil
category: technology
date: '2025-10-07'
description: arguments about strong ai, consciousness, and whether digital minds can be truly spiritual, free, or morally responsible.
external: https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp56055
id: Are We Spiritual Machines
modified: 2026-06-05 15:08:01 GMT-04:00
posters: '[[library/posters/are-we-spiritual-machines.jpg]]'
status: to read
subcategory:
  - longtermism
  - intelligence
tags:
  - o/life
  - llm
title: Are We Spiritual Machines?
year: 2001
authors: Ray Kurzweil
created: '2025-10-07'
published: '2025-10-07'
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slug: library/Are-We-Spiritual-Machines
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---