Presocratics philosophers

material cause and first element of things was the unbounded aperion

earth is cylindrical form, that its depth is as a third part of its breath
begetting hot and cold was separated off from the eternal at the origin of the world.

The heavenly bodies are wheels of fire separated off from the fire which encircles the world, enclosed with air

Living creatures arose from the moist element as it was evaporated by the sun. Man was like another animal, namely, a fish, in the beginning.

often associated with aperion and infinite as the fundamental of the universe

Human arose from inside of the fish, and become capable of protecting themselves.

Archaic The questions of the beginning

Originate from the gods?
 Natural occurrence of where things from

Being is one entities Not being is not known

| Change is not being → not green is

Logic convince changes is not real Appearance of changes = dilusion

Truth is being → homogeneous changes

Ultimate being is not one →

Materialism

atheist?

Perspective of nature

Elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water Elemental force: Love and Strifes

real difference upon things

manifestation of these real articles

Atomism

Atomic hypothesis → nature is Atoms and Void

Nature is body and void, nothing else, not purpose or design
Soul is the body System of the atom Atoms of different sizes and shape Coalesce and accumulate → soul

Soul is the matter of the finest, smallest, matter, coherently all part of the organism
Primary and secondary qualities
- Primary: atoms are size, shape, and height
- Secondary: molecular combinations include hot/cold, moist/dry

Sweet exists by convention, bitter by convention, colour by convention.

Division comes to a stop when atom → Atom is the least divisible factor

Absolute stopping point for destruction → rearrangement of these atoms are indispensable

If there are gods → they have to have body → no atom is immortal → Gods are immortal.

For Greek, Gods are human are indifferent.