Dikasts → Arguments:

• Behaviour is not subversive, contrary to their beliefs, and doesn’t harm the city
• Actions are sanctified by the gods → You don’t understand anything
• Follow his conscience rather than follow their democracy
• Contempt towards democracy, Mockery
• Democracy is a childish form of government

My trial will be equivalent to a doctor being prosecuted by a pastry-cook before a jury of children

Something is good when it contributes to the full flourishing of a human being in all our powers and faculties for the natural duration of life.

Know how to use all things in a way it tends good

What is not good might not be wise?

→ really cares about Athens, wisdom, then why not participate and join in debates?

• Afraid participating in this democracy?
  • Heard this voice → never tells him what to do, speak against things from what he is considering doing
  • Turned him away from doing wrong things
  • Too honest to survive if occupied with justice
  • Can’t serve justice with service
  • Man whose serve justice must live a private not public life

→ Never does the voice tells him to defence himself → Thought about fleeing → Voice told him not to → What happens after trial may be not a bad thing → Death is not a bad thing

→ Socrates is unmoved after receiving death

You too must be a good hope in place of death. A good man cannot be harmed

What you think to harm me harms you a lot more

He knows there is a life after death ?

Divine mission: encourage Athenians in self-reflection for good moral life

Difference

• Gods are perfectly just and follow moral standard, whereas everyone else (Holmer show us Gods brought up death) doesn’t
• Poets: Gods bring meaningless suffering to people

→ Socrates thinks this is wrong, and poets should be defamed by not worshipping gods

Virtuous

• masculine

• Conventionally good, knowledge within wisdom are good only if it is used wisely

What does wisdom do for us?

• Knowledge of the goods, and the power that comes with it
• Knowing the good universally and philosophically, and from that

A good person cannot be harmed The unexamined life is not worth living Doing wrong is worse than suffering wrong Riches and power contribute nothing to happiness. Only wisdom and virtue matter, and wisdom is the ultimate virtue

some time after Socrates’ death Agathon, a poet of tragedies, is the host

Soul is an abstraction from empirical knowledge.

Alkibiades, of Scocrates:

This utterly unnatural, this truly extraordinary man … this hopelessly arrogant, this unbelievably insolent man … [of] amazing arrogance and pride … he unique

• Seduction: is a game wrt Socrates

→ Socrates life is one big game of irony

Alkibiades: Seduction for a trade

• invites Socrates to wrestle in the gym ⇐ doesn’t work
• drunk (no one has seen him drunk). Lies down → makes move → nothing

Finding yourself falling in love with Socrates

• Pretends to fall in love → others will fall in love with him

Ordinary irony: False ⇒ to implies the opposite

Socratic irony: Both is and is not seriously meant ⇒ True in one way, false in another

to Euthyphro: You think that your knowledge of the divine, and of piety and impiety, is so accurate that … you have no fear of having acted impiously in bringing your father to trial

• Knowledge of divine is false ⇒ false

⇒ Euthyphro: self-righteous fouls doesn’t understand anything

Angers when seeing Socrates falling for someone else.

Future replicates the past. Love must be more than intense alliances from others.

Socrates can’t teach anybody anything that they don’t already know

• Alkibiades is so rough beneath the smooth surface → not interesting to bring in as disciple
• Alkibiades knows himself too much to love, to be drawn to Socrates
• Maybe Alkibiades can be redeemed by philosophers

1. Metaphysics: philosophical theory of being

To be is to be an idea.

Idea means ideal form, means it is perfect, doesn’t know by the triad or the body

Idea is intelligible (things grasped by intellect), not sensible (sense-perceptible things) being.

True reality is world of ideas and immaterial, changeless, ethereal, fully rational.

Opinions without knowledge are shameful and ugly things.

Sounds are copy of ideas ← bad

Idea of good is the idea to make things to be good.

1. Idea of good is the most important thing that everyone know
   • By conforming this, everything else would be useful and beneficient
   • Don’t know the idea of good = everything else is useless

Obtain knowledge of good is the foundation of Platonic philosophy

Merely believed to be true: Everyone wants what is good

Every souls persue the goods and do what it is good

Can’t understand our own goods without knowing how our own goods integrate with the best self of everything.

→ makes people the best of what they can be.

Satisfied with opinion where knowledge is out there to be found?

Opinion: doxa Knowledge: episteme Understanding: nous

• Belief is liable to error, knowledge is not. • Belief can be changed by persuasion, knowledge cannot be. • Belief does not bring understanding, knowledge does. • True belief, right opinion, is still essentially belief or opinion, and cannot be knowledge since its truth is accidental. • Opinion is shameful because it is not a passive thing that innocently occurs to a person.

Inquiry that systematically attempts to grasp with respect to each thing itself what they being of it is ( that is, the idea)

Does away with presuppositions. It overcomes everything hypothetical in thought and leads to presuppositionless knowledge.